BALLAST SYSTEM ON SHIP

Ballast systems on ships

Ballast Systemfunction:

• Maintain a high draft position and the ship to keep it safe
• System stability of the vessel
• Component - component ballast system
• Sea chest (inlet)
• branch pipe
• the main pipe
• Valve and fittings
• ballast pump
• ballast tank
• Over  board

^{Inert gas for FMD}

Innert gas is a gas or campuran has that the oxygen content of lace or less than 8%.

Innert gas system is a system to manage the combustion gas thus obtained innert conditions (oxygen content less than 8%).

The working principle of gas innert

When added to the hydrocarbon gas innert, the result will be obtained decrease in concentration or oxygen levels, so the fire is out.

The working principle of gas innert system.

Innert fill and distribute gas into the tank, keeping the oxygen levels in the low state, protect the tank from excessive gas pressure and mencegah backflow of cargo gas.

Method of getting gas innert there are 2 ways, namely:

A. Flue gas system

1. Flue gas system is a system that cools and cleans the gas obtained from the boiler, a gas containing oxygen content was 5%.

The main components in the system:

Scrubber unit, innert gas blower, deck water seal, pressure vacuum breaker, valve, and system control.

 Scheme flue gas system

2. Innert gas system

Innert gas system is obtained by burning heavy  fuel  in order to obtain flue gas with oxygen levels of 2-4%.

The main components in the system:

Generator units, scrubbers, pumps, deck water seal, pressure vacuum breaker.

Scheme of inert gas system

Deck water seal prevents back flow of fluid with the aid of liquid gas.

Type deck water seal:

1. Wet type (wet type)

2. Type of semi-dry (semi-dry type)

3. Dry type (dry type)

Lubricating oil system

A. Unit lubricating system

- Lubricating oil system

• Supplying Cooling-filtering and LO to ME

• sump tank - pump LO - LO cooler - full - flow filter - engine - sump tank

-Lub oil purifying system

• Purifying LO for recirculating

• sump tank - filter - LO pump - pre heater - purifier - sump tank

2. Cylinder lub oil system

-  Supply LO into the engine cylinder (only for 2-stroke engines)

-  Cylinder oil tank - pump - service tank - engine

Type of lubricating system

1.  Wat pump

-          Engine LO charter of container

-          Crank-shaft immersed in the charter party in LO (wet)

-          lubricating system to engine and purifying system for LO

- Usually for high-speed diesel and small power

2. Dry pump

- sump tank below the main machinery

- Crank-shaft  not immersed in LO in sump tank (dry)

-  lubricating system to engine and purifying system for LO are not in one line

 - Usually for high-power low speed.

Component of the lubricating system

• sump tank

• LO cooler

• LO filter

• Pipe LO

• lub oil pump

Component of the LO system purying

1. Purifying LO Pump: Gear type or srew

2. Pre-heater LO: type electric, steam, thermal oil heater

3. LO purifier: type centrifuge